Cyber Secuirty and Cyber Crime - 1643 Words

Cyber Crime and Security Cybercrime or electronic crime generally refers to criminal activity where a computer or network is the source, tool, target, or place of a crime. These categories are not exclusive and many activities can be characterized as falling in one or more category. Additionally, although the terms computer crime and cybercrime are more properly restricted to describing criminal activity in which the computer or network is a necessary part of the crime, these terms are also sometimes used to include traditional crimes, such as fraud, theft, blackmail, forgery, and embezzlement, in which computers or networks are used to facilitate the illicit activity. So basically it is a criminal activity committed on the internet. This†¦show more content†¦E.g. love bug virus, which affected at least 5 % of the computers of the globe. The losses were accounted to be $ 10 million. The worlds most famous worm was the Internet worm let loose on the Internet by Robert Morris sometime in 1988. Almost brought development of Internet to a complete halt. (Broadhurst, 2006) 8. Logic bombs- These are event dependent programs. This implies that these programs are created to do something only when a certain event (known as a trigger event) occurs. E.g. even some viruses may be termed logic bombs because they lie dormant all through the year and become active only on a particular date (like the Chernobyl virus). 9. Trojan attacks- This term has its origin in the word ‘Trojan horse’. In software field this means an unauthorized programme, which passively gains control over another’s system by representing itself as an authorised programme. The most common form of installing a Trojan is through e-mail. E.g. a Trojan was installed in the computer of a lady film director in the U.S. while chatting. The cyber criminal through the web cam installed in the computer obtained her nude photographs. He further harassed this lady. 10. Internet time thefts- Normally in these kinds of thefts the Internet surfing hours of the victim are used up by another person. This is done by gaining access to the login ID and the password. 11. Web jacking-

The Economic Disparities Between The United States And...

Consistently broadcast on the evening news, we visually observe the financial ailment of many countries. The economic disparities between the United States and other nations are extensive. Outsourcing American jobs are still not enough for struggling nations, but why? The conditions in peripheral countries on things such as roads, vehicles used, and the homes broadcast are just a few of the images continuously televised on a nightly basis. With this in mind, what is it that makes our condition differ from the others? As a core nation, the United States appears to have the best of everything while the peripheral countries strain. The upper-class Americans have it all. What allows the rich countries to afford these luxuries? Visibly projecting a high-quality lifestyle, core countries eagerly forecast attractive homes, the latest fashions, beautiful cars and our core nation provide an appropriate infrastructure. All of this comes at a cost in which the middle and lower classes suffer. How is the United States accomplishing this lap of luxury life? To begin with, we seem to outsource numerous jobs to peripheral nations. The cost of having products manufactured in other countries is minimal in contrast to the expenses billed for the same services here. These minimal costs, transfer added wealth into the pockets of the American owners. All comes at a cost to the American people. â€Å"This is particularly the case for studies on services outsourced from the UnitedShow MoreRelatedMeasuring Racial And Ethnic Inequality1508 Words   |  7 PagesPresenting, and Interpreting Social Science Data, â€Å"Numbers never speak for themselves.† Klass’s purpose for this chapter is to demonstrate the range of data that is derived from social indicators and that can be used to analyze racial and ethnic disparities in different spheres such as income and wealth, health, education, and criminal justice. 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Threat of Substitute Bargaining Power of Supplier free essay sample

Threat of Substitute In Porter’s model, substitute products refer to products in other industries. The price elasticity of a product is influenced by substitute products. As more substitutes become available, the demand becomes more elastic since customers have more alternatives. Generally, substitute is able to reduce demand for a particular product because there is a threat of consumers switching to the alternatives. (Porter M. 1980) Chains of convenience stores are emerging in the market such as 7-eleven, Circle K and VanGo. Their products become substitute of supermarket. Convenience stores selling some Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) like soft drinks, dairy products, packaged foods. Those FMCG are also sold by supermarkets. Many people buy raw food like fresh vegetables and fresh meat to cook at home. So another substitute are food of restaurants. Also, products of bakery are a substitute of bread in supermarket. In addition, most of the local pharmacies selling medicine, personal care, baby care and toilet/ pocket papers are substitute products of supermarket. We will write a custom essay sample on Threat of Substitute Bargaining Power of Supplier or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Products in wet market such as grocery and fresh meat are also substitutes of supermarket’s products. Bargaining Power of buyers. Buyers are the people/ organizations who create demand in an industry. Buyers can be divided into two types in supermarket industry- price sensitive(larger Ed) and non-price sensitive( Smaller Ed). Price sensitive people are those housewives and non-price sensitive people are those white-collar. Generally, the bargaining power of buyers is weak but that of non-price sensitive one is even weaker. For the non-price sensitive group, their opportunity cost spend on comparing price is large. On recent years a important change in shopping culture, people like to buy all of the things inside the supermarket instead of shopping from one small retail to another. There are many buyers and a few sellers (brand of supermarket) in the industry. And many of those supermarkets are associated to each other. E. g. ParknShop is associated with Taste, International†¦. Although some of the products are standardized that buyers can buy from substitutes, there are a wide range of products provided by supermarket. Those products cannot be provided by substitutes like convenience stores or bakery. Furthermore, some supermarkets integrate backward as suppliers to produce products which only can be sold in that chain of supermarket. E. g. Wellcome’s First Choice and No Frills The supermarket industry is key supplying group for customers since supermarkets are located available in everywhere and easy to reach unlike those conventional wet markets. As these two largest supermarkets are so important to customers, they usually charge the prices much higher than the marginal cost. The industry’s product is important to the quality of the buyers’ products or services. For example, nutrition value and expire date are indicated on the food packages that substitute products in restaurant, bakery, wet market cannot provide. Products selling in supermarket pass quality test so it is more guarantee to buy products from supermarkets. 2. Bargaining Power of Supplier

What Is Parallax Scrolling Plus How to Add Parallax to WordPress

What is parallax scrolling? In a nutshell, its a way to create an illusion of depth while a user scrolls down your website by making the background images move more slowly than the foreground images (well explain this in more detail and show you an example).Parallax effects are a way to make your web pages more dynamic and interesting. They grab your visitors attention, and encourage them to care about what you have to say. This type of effect looks stylish and professional, yet is surprisingly easy to pull off with the right tools.In this post, we’re going to answer the question: â€Å"What is parallax scrolling?† Then we’ll talk about when it’s useful and show you how you can add it to your WordPress site. Let’s take a look! Pay attention to how the buildings in the background move more slowly than the text in front.Chances are you’ve seen this effect already, perhaps on multiple websites. It’s become a very popular technique.So to s um up, parallax scrolling is when the background and foreground images on a page move at different rates, creating an illusory (but compelling) 3D effect. It can be applied in a wide variety of ways, and offers a number of benefits for anyone looking to design an eye-catching page.Why might you want to use parallax scrolling on your website?There’s no doubt that parallax scrolling can look very appealing. However, if you need a stronger argument than â€Å"it looks cool†, here are some of the reasons to add a parallax scrolling effect to your own site:It makes your page feel dynamic and interactive, enhancing the visitor’s engagement with your site.Individual sections are more clearly defined, helping to organize your page in an easily-understandable way.You can use this effect to draw special attention towards particular elements on the page – key information, a primary Call To Action (CTA), and others.Of course, like any advanced web design feature, par allax scrolling is an effect best used sparingly, and not everyone is a fan of parallax. In most cases, you don’t want to apply it to your entire site, as it may feel overwhelming or disorienting for the visitor.Instead, this technique is best used on a single key page, typically a home page or landing page. It’s an especially strong choice if the page in question is lengthy, as shorter pages won’t benefit as much from the effect.It’s also worth noting that parallax scrolling is particularly well suited to one-page websites. A single-page site tends to be lengthy, with multiple sections and a clear progression from top to bottom.Parallax scrolling has become a go-to method for enhancing the design and clarity of these kinds of sites. If you’re looking to build a one-page website, it’s something you’ll definitely want to consider.How can you add parallax scrolling to your WordPress site?Now that weve cleared up what parallax scrolling is and you understand its benefits, you might be eager to implement it on your own site. At the same time, it’s a design element that can be a little intimidating, as it looks fairly advanced.Programming in a parallax effect from scratch would take a lot of work. However, this technique is popular enough that there are many options for easily adding it to your site – especially if you’re a WordPress user.Parallax WordPress pluginsThere are a few WordPress plugins available to help you to create a parallax effect, such as Advanced WordPress Backgrounds: Advanced WordPress Backgrounds Author(s): nKCurrent Version: 1.6.0Last Updated: July 29, 2019advanced-backgrounds.1.6.0.zip 98%Ratings 136,857Downloads 4.0.0Requires If you already have a website built and you’d like to add a parallax effect, this kind of plugin can get the job done.Parallax WordPress themesIf you’re creating a new site (or are willing to make some changes to your existing si te), a better option is to opt for a theme including built-in parallax scrolling features. This way, youll be better able to integrate the effect with the rest of your sites design.It’s easy in the current climate to find themes that offer this functionality. For an example, check out our own Neve theme:This is a lightweight but highly-customizable theme, which is compatible with all of  your favorite page builders. It also includes a wealth of demo content to choose from, and some will add our own take on parallax scrolling to your site right off the bat.After installing and activating the theme, you can head over to Appearance Neve Options to access the demo content:Click on See demos, then hit Preview on each individual option to see it in action. For example, heres the smooth scrolling effect on the homepage:Selecting Import will add the demo and all of its associated content and plugins to your site (including Elementor Page Builder). You can then open up the Home pag e and choose Edit with Elementor to start making your own tweaks:By replacing the text and imagery, but leaving the layout intact, you can quickly create a customized page with a distinctive effect.The same holds true for some of the other Neve demos, as well as plenty of other WordPress themes. So feel free to experiment until you find a style and layout that suits your site.ConclusionWhat is parallax scrolling? By now, you should have the answer. The effect causes the background and foreground elements of a web page to move at different rates, creating an appearance of depth on a 2D screen.Parallax scrolling helps the individual sections on a page stand out, and provides interesting visual contrast and emphasis. It’s an effect best used on long home pages and landing pages, and is particularly well-suited to one-page sites. Fortunately, many WordPress themes make it a breeze to implement parallax effects – including Neve.Do you have any questions about how to use par allax scrolling to best effect on your own site? Ask away in the comments section below! Confused by what parallax scrolling is? Here's your explanation, plus how to use it in #WordPress

How the Depression Affected Literature Outline Essay Example

How the Depression Affected Literature Outline Essay Example How the Depression Affected Literature Outline Essay How the Depression Affected Literature Outline Essay I. Roosevelt’s campaign speech A. The speech first addresses one of the many issues that The great depression brought about 1. â€Å" †¦waste in men and women, in human skill, character and life† 2. He isn’t just discussing the loss of money and jobs as the stereotype of the depression presents, but is going into depth about people as individuals which would appeal to the emotion of the people. (Roosevelt) 3. During The Depression, many people lost their jobs, their spouses, their houses, and many lost their lives as well but each individual had something to contribute to the society they all had skill, and character but employers and government officials had to view them as just another person because the condition of the society as whole was terrible. B. The speech then goes on to highlight the positive aspects of the Depression 1. We have lost, for example, that false sense of values that puts financial success above every other kind of achievement (Roosevelt) 2. Roosevelt is taking the positive aspects of The Depression and making them more distinct and celebrated to take away the main idea that The Depression was such a horrible thing. 3. Although the economy was terrible and many bad things happened, there were many positive things that came out, including the strength that people gained. If they could pull through The Depression as a family then they could get through anything. II. The Great Gatsby A. The carelessness of some lead to the misfortune of others 1. â€Å"I couldn’t forgive him or like him, but I saw that what he had done was, to him, entirely justified. It was all very careless and confused. They were careless people, Tom and Daisy- they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made. (Fitzgerald) 2. This quote represents the wealthy people of the time who went around causing mischief and trouble amongst others not realizing what they were doing but had all the money in the world and didn’t care what they did. 3. During the Roaring twenties, people bought what they wanted, did what they wanted, and were overall careless, and the government didn’t want to do anything in fear of ruining the economic boom which led to the stock market crash. B. The American dream isn’t always what it’s shaped up to be 1. â€Å"The truth was that Jay Gatsby, of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself. He was a son of God- a phrase which, if it means anything, means just that- and he must be about His Father’s business, the service of a vast, vulgar, and meretricious beauty. So he invented just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen year old boy would be likely to invent, and to this conception he was faithful to the end. (Fitzgerald) 2. Gatsby was an example of someone who actually got the American dream. He had money, and well everything he could want but he failed to grasp ahold of happiness. 3. The stock market crashed in 1929 was so sudden. Half the year the economy was experiencing one of the greatest booms it ever had and the next it was crashing quicker than anyone could image. People lost their prosperity and riches. Gatsby had all the money and material things he could want but wi thout happiness it was all worth nothing.

How Flight Control Systems Stabilize Rockets

How Flight Control Systems Stabilize Rockets Building an efficient rocket engine is only part of the problem. The rocket must also be stable in flight. A stable rocket is one that flies in a smooth, uniform direction. An unstable rocket flies along an erratic path, sometimes tumbling or changing direction. Unstable rockets are dangerous because its  not possible to predict where they’ll go – they may even turn upside down and suddenly head directly back to the launch pad. What Makes a Rocket Stable or Unstable? All matter has a point inside called the center of mass or â€Å"CM, regardless of its size, mass or shape. The center of mass is the exact spot where all the mass of that object is perfectly balanced. You can easily find the center of mass of an object - such as a ruler - by balancing it on your finger. If the material used to make the ruler is of uniform thickness and density, the center of mass should be at the halfway point between one end of the stick and the other. The CM would no longer be in the middle if a heavy nail was driven into one of its ends. The balance point would be nearer the end with the nail. CM is important in rocket flight because an unstable rocket tumbles around this point. In fact, any object in flight tends to tumble. If you throw a stick, it will tumble end over end. Throw a ball and it spins in flight. The act of spinning or tumbling stabilizes an object in flight. A Frisbee will go where you want it go to only if you throw it with a deliberate spin. Try throwing a Frisbee without spinning it and youll find that it flies in an erratic path and falls far short of its mark if you can even throw it at all.   Roll, Pitch and Yaw Spinning or tumbling takes place around one or more of three axes in flight: roll, pitch and yaw. The point where all three of these axes intersect is the center of mass. The pitch and yaw axes are the most important in rocket flight because any movement in either of these two directions can cause the rocket to go off course.  The roll axis is the least important because movement along this axis will not affect the flight path. In fact, a rolling motion will help stabilize the rocket the same way a properly passed football is stabilized by rolling or spiraling it in flight. Although a poorly passed football may still fly to its mark even if it tumbles rather than rolls, a rocket will not. The action-reaction energy of a football pass is completely expended by the thrower the moment the ball leaves his hand. With rockets, thrust from the engine is still produced while the rocket is in flight. Unstable motions about the pitch and yaw axes will cause the rocket to leave the planned course. A control system is needed to prevent or at least minimize unstable motions. The Center of Pressure Another important center that affects a rockets flight is its center of pressure or â€Å"CP.† The center of pressure exists only when air is flowing past the moving rocket. This flowing air, rubbing and pushing against the outer surface of the rocket, can cause it to begin moving around one of its three axes. Think of a weather vane, an arrow-like stick mounted on a rooftop and used for telling wind direction. The arrow is attached to a vertical rod that acts as a pivot point. The arrow is balanced so the center of mass is right at the pivot point. When the wind blows, the arrow turns and the head of the arrow points into the on-coming wind. The tail of the arrow points in the downwind direction. A weather vane arrow points into the wind because the tail of the arrow has a much larger surface area than the arrowhead. The flowing air imparts a greater force to the tail than the head so the tail is pushed away. There is a point on the arrow where the surface area is the same on one side as the other. This spot is called the center of pressure. The center of pressure is not in the same place as the center of mass. If it were, then neither end of the arrow would be favored by the wind. The arrow would not point. The center of pressure is between the center of mass and the tail end of the arrow. This means that the tail end has more surface area than the head end. The center of pressure in a rocket must be located toward the tail. The center of mass must be located toward the nose. If they are in the same place or very near each other, the rocket will be unstable in flight. It will try to rotate about the center of mass in the pitch and yaw axes, producing a dangerous situation. Control Systems Making a rocket stable requires some form of control system. Control systems  for rockets keep a rocket stable in flight and steer it. Small rockets usually require only a stabilizing control system. Large rockets, such as the ones that launch satellites into orbit, require a system that not only stabilizes the rocket but also enables it to change course while in flight. Controls on rockets can be either active or passive. Passive controls are fixed devices that keep rockets stabilized by their very presence on the rockets exterior. Active controls can be moved while the rocket is in flight to stabilize and steer the craft. Passive Controls The simplest of all passive controls is a stick. Chinese fire arrows  were simple rockets mounted on the ends of sticks that kept the center of pressure behind the center of mass. Fire arrows were notoriously inaccurate in spite of this. Air had to be flowing past the rocket before the center of pressure could take effect. While still on the ground and immobile, the arrow might lurch and fire the wrong way.   The accuracy of fire arrows was improved considerably years later by mounting them in a trough aimed in the proper direction. The trough guided the arrow until it was moving fast enough to become stable on its own. Another important improvement in rocketry came when sticks were replaced by clusters of lightweight fins mounted around the lower end near the nozzle. Fins could be made out of lightweight materials and be streamlined in shape. They gave rockets a dart-like appearance. The large surface area of the fins easily kept the center of pressure behind the center of mass. Some experimenters even bent the lower tips of the fins in a pinwheel fashion to promote rapid spinning in flight. With these spin fins, rockets become much more stable, but this design produced  more drag and limited the rockets range. Active Controls The weight of the rocket is a critical factor in performance and range. The original fire arrow stick added too much dead weight to the rocket and therefore limited its range considerably. With the beginning of modern rocketry in the 20th century, new ways were sought to improve rocket stability and at the same time reduce overall rocket weight.  The answer was the development of active controls. Active control systems included vanes, movable fins, canards, gimbaled nozzles, vernier rockets, fuel injection and attitude-control rockets.   Tilting fins and canards are quite similar to each other in appearance - the  only real difference is their location on the rocket. Canards are mounted on the front end while tilting fins are at the rear. In flight, the fins and canards tilt like rudders to deflect the air flow and cause the rocket to change course. Motion sensors on the rocket detect unplanned directional changes, and corrections can be made by slightly tilting the fins and canards. The advantage of these two devices is their size and weight. They are smaller and lighter and produce less drag than large fins. Other active control systems can eliminate fins and canards altogether. Course changes can be made in flight by tilting the angle at which the exhaust gas leaves the rocket’s engine. Several techniques can be used for changing exhaust direction.  Vanes are small finlike devices placed inside the exhaust of the rocket engine. Tilting the vanes deflects the exhaust, and by action-reaction the rocket responds by pointing the opposite way.   Another method for changing the exhaust direction is to gimbal the nozzle. A gimbaled nozzle is one that is able to sway while exhaust gases are passing through it. By tilting the engine nozzle in the proper direction, the rocket responds by changing course. Vernier rockets can also be used to change direction. These are small rockets mounted on the outside of the large engine. They fire when needed, producing the desired course change. In space, only spinning the rocket along the roll axis or using active controls involving the engine exhaust can stabilize the rocket or change its direction. Fins and canards have nothing to work upon without air. Science fiction movies showing rockets in space with wings and fins are long on fiction and short on science. The most common kinds of active controls used in space are attitude-control rockets. Small clusters of engines are mounted all around the vehicle. By firing the right combination of these small rockets, the vehicle can be turned in any direction. As soon as they are aimed properly, the main engines fire, sending the rocket off in the new direction.   The Mass of the Rocket The mass of a rocket is another important factor affecting its performance. It can make the difference between a successful flight and wallowing around on the launch pad. The rocket engine must produce a thrust that is greater than the total mass of the vehicle before the rocket can leave the ground. A rocket with a lot of unnecessary mass will not be as efficient as one that is trimmed to just the bare essentials. The total mass of the vehicle should be distributed following this general formula for an ideal rocket:   Ninety-one percent of the total mass  should be propellants.Three percent should be tanks, engines and fins.Payload can account for 6 percent. Payloads may be satellites, astronauts or spacecraft that will travel to other planets or moons. In determining the effectiveness of a rocket design, rocketeers speak in terms of mass fraction or â€Å"MF.† The mass of the rocket’s propellants divided by the total mass of the rocket gives mass fraction:  MF (Mass of Propellants)/(Total Mass) Ideally, the mass fraction of a rocket is 0.91. One might think that an MF of 1.0 is perfect, but then the entire rocket would be nothing more than a lump of propellants that would ignite into a fireball. The larger the MF number, the less payload the rocket can carry. The smaller the MF number, the less its range becomes. An MF number of 0.91 is a good balance between payload-carrying capability and range. The Space Shuttle has an MF of approximately 0.82. The MF varies between the different orbiters in the Space Shuttle fleet and with the different payload weights of each mission. Rockets that are large enough to carry spacecraft  into space have serious weight problems. A great deal of propellant is needed for them to reach space and find proper orbital velocities. Therefore, the tanks, engines and associated hardware become larger. Up to a point, bigger rockets fly farther than smaller rockets, but when they become too large their structures weigh them down too much. The mass fraction is reduced to an impossible number. A solution to this problem can be credited to 16th-century fireworks maker Johann Schmidlap. He attached small rockets to the top of big ones. When the large rocket was exhausted, the rocket casing was dropped behind and the remaining rocket fired. Much higher altitudes were achieved. These rockets used by Schmidlap were called step rockets. Today, this technique of building a rocket is called staging. Thanks to staging, it has become possible not only to reach outer space but the moon and other planets, too. The Space Shuttle follows the step rocket principle by dropping off its solid rocket boosters and external tank when they’re exhausted of propellants.

Analyze Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Analyze - Essay Example In the first story, Graduation by Maya Angelou, the author tends to explain an array of emotional turmoil that the protagonist undergoes; she is a young girl belonging to an African American race thus making her skin tone black as compared to the other white students in her classroom. The story is set in the 1940s, the year which she is to graduate and at the final graduation day speech, her heart begins to flutter as she listens to one of her professors speak proudly about the â€Å"white students† as he goes on and on about how they will prosper and become the next generation of famous scientists, architects, artists and politicians of the country. He completely undermined the feelings of those students that belonged to other races and in this manner discriminated against them; the young girl felt disappointment, anger, sadness and then pride within herself during the course of the speech. When the valedictorian, a young classmate by the name of Reed gave his speech, he trie d to encourage those that had been left out and the girl felt happy that there were some people who thought differently. She made it a point to be proud of her background instead of being angry at the professor; she understood that people would probably discriminate against her in the long run in life however she motivated herself to do extremely well in life and not hear their taunts. She thus overcame her challenge by moving on and not thinking about things that people say who do not even matter. The second beautiful piece, ‘A Hole in the Wall’ by Andrea Barrett is a wonderful account of a couple moving into Brooklyn to spend their lives with each other. The author talks about the shoddy surroundings where they took up a dwelling however the love and affection with which she had begun to care for the place; with time, she began to overcome her fear of living in a less luxurious place and gave in

Current Job Problem in US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Current Job Problem in US - Essay Example Revenue in the middle earnings range for most Americans citizen has declined for more than 20 years. Manufacturing employments are moving offshore.   Internationally, the set of supplies and services that is tradable is increasing, but the United States and other developed countries are not contending productively for an enough share of the tradable field. Some 5.9 million US employees have been out of employment for over twenty seven weeks or more. Economists approximate that one million people lost all federal joblessness advantages last year after being incapable to find employment for 99 weeks. Almost two million citizens total are amongst this group of 99ers. The portion of employment age people who are in employment is 57.6 %, the lowest level ever since 1983. This denotes that the transformative result of women inflowing in the manual labor force over the previous three decades has been completely offset by the overwhelming increase in joblessness. The job population fractio n for men is at its lowest level. In another era, such circumstances would have been treated as a national shame, and the political organization would have felt some compulsion to take administration action. On January 11, 1944, as the United States of America was packaging up the war in Europe, Franklin D. Roosevelt (2010) gave a lecture to parliament, in which he announced that the political rights assured in the American Constitution had showed insufficient, needing a financial bill of rights. Roosevelt’s (2010) suggestion was dead on arrival. American free enterprise proved incompetent of eliminating poverty and joblessness, even in rumble years of the postwar era. For decades after that, American leaders and politicians gave lip service to the perception of full employment as a basic objective of domestic strategy. Joblessness insurance was brought in some states in 1932 and extended all through the country in the 1930s, in response to the Great Depression. These efforts were part of a common program of social improvement determined in no small part by fear in the ruling group of social turmoil and revolt. Roosevelt himself was talking only a few years after the Russian revolt. The American policy is directed towards eliminating the remains of the postwar era reforms, as well as joblessness advantages. The political organization has deserted even the vaguest suggestion that people have the right to a job. The actual problem in the United States right now is employment: not just obstinately high joblessness, but a bigger crisis described recently in a considerate article by Andy Grove, the longtime C.E.O. of Intel. He argued that manufacturing is fading in the United States, a tendency that must be upturned (Andy 56). There is little uncertainty that America’s societal contract is beginning to break. It had on one side an open, supple economy, and on the other the guarantee of jobs and rising earnings for the aggravated and hard-working. It i s the second fraction that is disentanglement. The unemployment consequences of these tendencies over the past fifteen years have been followed by surplus consumption and the overdevelopment of fields such as economics and property, health care and administration. These sectors are now set to shrivel, as international companies develop where they have access to high development up-and-coming marketplaces in Asia and Latin America. Such businesses will relocate their

Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods Essay Example for Free

Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods Essay There are different research methods that have been guided by different philosophy of science that were developed by philosopher, researcher and sociologist at their time of era. The well-known research methods are quantitative research methods. Quantitative are numerical methods associated with deductive approaches. Quantitative research methods are usually guided by the principles of positivism as it takes on objective reality and accepts single reality. Quantitative methods are usually used to measure size, observe numerical change over time, audience segmentation, testing hypothesis, and, quantifying attitudes, behaviors and opinions. The main importance of quantitative research is on deductive reasoning which tends to move from the general to the specific. The validity of conclusions is shown to be dependent on one or more premises being valid. For example, All students who study MBA in Kathmandu University works in a bank. Seema studies in MBA in Kathmandu University. Based on the premises, we can say that Seema works in a bank. Premises used in deductive reasoning are important because faulty premises can lead to wrong conclusions. Another popular method is qualitative method, which are usually associated with inductive approaches. Qualitative research methods are used on subjective matter, as in-depth study to explore subject matter. Qualitative research methods are guided by philosophies as post-positivism, critical theory, and constructivism. Qualitative research methods offer different kinds of ways to investigate on research problems as interview methods, focused group discussions,case studies and many others to understand the certain circumstances or culture in the society. The approach adopted by qualitative researchers tends to be inductive which means that they develop a theory or look for a pattern of meaning on the basis of the data that they have collected. This involves a move from the specific to the general and is sometimes called a bottom-up approach. However, most research projects also involve a certain degree of deductive reasoning (Trochim, 2005). Quantitative Research is more about collecting numerical data to study about certain phenomena. For example, what percentage of Nepalese student who go to US for foreign degree complete graduate course in United States? Other examples may be what percentage of Nepalese students who are studying in TU have negative attitude towards TU administrations. One usually has to use quantitative research when one wants answer in numbers. However, one has to study about complex situations and go with in-depth studies then qualitative methods should be used. For example, researcher wants to know how people view politics in Nepal? Similarly, a researcher wants to do ethnographic study of the culture of Tharus of Nepal and lives with Tharu for some years, immerse himself/herself in that environment to discover the meanings, convention of behavior, and ways of thinking important in tharu cultures. Similarly, even though the selection of research methods are based upon the problem selected, resource available, the skills of researcher and audience of the research, both the methodologies are also used together in a research which is known as mixed methods. â€Å"Mixed methods often combine nomothetic and idiographic approaches in an attempt to serve the dual purposes of generalization and in-depth understanding—to gain an overview of social regularities from a larger sample while understanding the other through detailed study of a smaller sample. Full integration of these approaches is difficult, hence the predominance of component studies†(Pat Bazeley, 2004) References (Bazeley, 2004) Social Research Methods. (n.d.). Retrieved December 12, 2012, from www.socialresearchmethods. net: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/positivism (2005). In W. M. Trochium, Research Methods (2nd ed.).

Media’s Sexualization of Children :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

  Ã‚  Ã‚   One very disturbing trend in fashion, advertising, and particularly recently in the music industry is the sexualization of children, especially girls. They are constantly portrayed as sexual caricatures of adults. In some cases, young children are portrayed scanty-clad. In yet others, they are wearing such outfits and mimicking sexual poses. In other cases, a teenager or young adult is dressed in a way to make her appear younger. She may be wearing a cheerleader uniform, a school-girl uniform, she may be posing clutching a stuffed animal, or with dolls, etc. and she is often posed in a sexual fashion. Britney Spears is the most notable example of this. The then seventeen-year-old donned a little school girl uniform complete with pigtails for her "Baby One More Time" video. However, that uniform blouse was tied up to reveal her mid-drift and her skirt was cut short. There are a wide variety of pictures of Britney Spears available, particularly on the web. It's quite disturbing to flip through these pictures and see one of Miss Spears standing next to a school bus smiling sweetly, then one of her in a tiny cheerleader outfit lying provocatively in the bed of a truck, and then one of her tearing her clothes off. Her early photographs painted her as "the girl next door" type. Even the cover to her first album was a picture of her completely clothed and smiling sweetly. Her photographs and videos then captured her as a school girl "sex kitten", making her appear younger, yet sexualizing her image with tiny tops and skirts.    Our popular culture and our modern society seem to be speeding up the sexualization of young girls. We have a problem in our culture and her name is Britney Spears. When I say "Britney Spears" I mean, of course, all her clones as well, Christina Aguilera, Mandy Moore, Jessica Simpson, etc. All of these girls are either under or hover very close to the age of consent... These girls are marketed specifically to preteen girls and they are not singing about sugar and spice; they are singing about sex. "Give it to me / I'm so addicted to the loving that you're feeding me / Ohhh / Can't do without it, this feeling's got me weak in the knees/ Oh, baby / Body's in withdrawal every time you take it away/ Ohhh/." (Kleinheider)

The Cause Of Obesity Health And Social Care Essay

Today there are about 23 1000000s teens populating in the US. ( Channel one web ) About 43 per centum of those are found to hold 5 repasts or more a twenty-four hours. ( Channel one web ) About tierce have 4 repasts per twenty-four hours. Shockingly, merely about one-fourth consume 3 or less times a twenty-four hours. ( Channel one web ) Between the repasts, many teens choose to hold bites and Sweets instead than fruits. ( E-Medicine Health ) This sort of nutrient contains high-calories with low foods. ( E-Medicine Health ) Therefore, when teens eat this sort of nutrients excessively much than their organic structure demands, the organic structure will hive away the extra fat and over clip it will convey fleshiness to them. ( Suthouchaworawud ) Harmonizing to the USDA ‘s Nationwide Food ingestion, Daily entire energy consumption additions for adolescent misss and male childs by 113 and 243 Calories, severally. Soda ingestion increased dramatically in the early to mid 1990s. 32 per centum of adolescent misss and 52 per centum of adolescent male childs consume three or more eight ounce helpings of soda per twenty-four hours. Soft drink ingestion for stripling male childs has about tripled, from 7 to 22 oz. per twenty-four hours between 1978 and 1994. ( US Department of wellness ) In add-on, some parents and teens sometimes misunderstand about what healthy nutrient is. They are taken in by what the media promote to be a healthy bite. ( Popkin 64-67 ) The media claim that a healthy bite is good for your wellness, unlike, debris bite. ( Popkin 64-67 ) This is wholly incorrect. What media claim to be a healthy bite still contains high Calories and this means it can still assist teens to develop fleshiness. ( Popkin 64-67 ) Siam Thai teens today have a greater hazard of developing fleshiness because of their pick to eat. ( Manager online 174 ) Harmonizing to the statistic of Department of wellness, it shows that 55.7 per centums of teens in Bangkok between ages 12-18 like holding fast nutrient. ( Business Thai ) The most popular fast nutrients are pizza, fried poulet and beefburger. ( Business Thai ) About 35 % drink soda on a regular basis. ( Business Thai ) The alterations in teens ‘ eating wont contribute by alteration in parental function. Today many female parents work outdoors place to assist back up their household. ( Huadsiri 9 ) This means that female parent finally hold less clip to look after their households, particularly, their childs. ( Huadsiri 9 ) As parents have no clip or excessively tired from their work to cook, obviously, it show an increasing figure of households consume pre-cooked repast, street nutrient or fast nutrient either Thai or Western manner, alternatively of homemade re past. ( Huadsiri 9 ) Besides many teens remaining on their ain are more likely to eat out instead than cooking themselves. From my ain experience when I was in high school, I stayed at residence hall on my ain because my school was really far off from place. Most of my repasts there are pre-cooked repasts from outside because it is faster, more convenient and besides salvage my clip to clean up. Doctor Manat Karykul, a bosom onslaught physician and dietician at Rama infirmary, states that people who eat out addition 290 Calories more than eat at place. ( Manager Online ) This is because eating houses use much more oil in their nutrient. ( Manager Online ) Furthermore, oil which is used by eating house is palm oil. As everyone knows palm oil contains high-calories. ( Chunnasawadikun 36 ) Restaurants besides use a batch of sugar to their nutrient so the costumiers receive great sum of sugar from eating out. ( Chunnasawadikun 36 ) But when adolescent or their parents cook at place they can pull off around what stuff they should utilize. ( Manager Online ) Not merely do teens today over consume saccharide and fat, but they besides consume really small of vegetable. ( Bussiness Thai ) Vegetable filled with fibre aid to absorb fat from nutrient and let go of it out before bowel will absorb it into the organic structure. ( Chunnasawadikun 40 ) Furthermore, fibre besides helps to take fat that shop in the organic structure out to utilize it easy. ( Chunnasawadikun 40 ) This means that teens who eat really small vegetable can derive weight than teens who do because their organic structures to the full absorb fat into organic structure. ( Chunnasawadikun 40 ) From 1999 to 2004 entire gross revenues for bite in Thailand increased 35.2 per centum. ( Hawkes 47 ) In 2006 Thai teens spent 26 Baht per twenty-four hours on mean purchasing bite or 9,800 Baht per twelvemonth. ( Department of wellness 136 ) This is a large sum of money disbursement on nutrient compared to instruction. ( Department of wellness ) Furthermore, most bites that teens consume are â€Å" extruded bite † which chiefly consist of flour, sugar, Na taking teens to bit by bit develop fleshiness. ( Hawkes 47 ) Tai teens today receive about 23 per centum of energy from bite. ( Hawkes 40 ) Department of Health releases the information that kids age 12-14 have higher per centum in devouring high-energy bites, sugary drink, and high fat nutrient more than any other groups. ( Department of Health ) In decision, both Thailand and the U.S. ‘ feeding wont has been altering overtime in the same way in the manner that lead them to hold more opportunity in developing fleshiness. With both parents have to work outdoors to assist prolong their criterion of life, they have less clip with households. Because of this ground, it helps to explicate why both Thailand and the U.S. , the figure of striplings ‘ eating out has been progressively in late. With eating out, most teens take convenient into consideration in taking their nutrient. Inevitably, both Thai and American teens are more likely to devour fast nutrient, such as, pizza, fried poulet and beefburger – the nutrient that leads them to bit by bit develop obesity- because of its time-saving. Furthermore, teens in both the U.S. and Thailand consume a big sum of bite and sodium carbonate. The entire figure of ingestion of bite and sodium carbonate in both states help bespeak teens ‘ state of affairs now at the high hazard in going corpulent.B. Physical ActivitiesThe US Many research workers conclude that there is an association between stripling ‘s behaviour and their environment. ( University of Florida ) The research workers claim that if the community has a safe park or environment supplying for teens, they are more likely to pass much more clip outside place holding merriment with friends and being more physically active. ( University of Florida ) This thought can back up by Toronto metropolis planning. Toronto provides its citizen an extra of bike lane which leads to the addition of 23 % in motorcycle usage. ( US Department of wellness ) Unfortunately, the environment in most of the metropoliss and suburbs today do non turn out to advance physically active for teens. ( US Department of wellness ) The unfastened countries and public Parkss available in the metropolis are few. ( US Department of wellness ) As a consequence, teens have no safe topographic point to hang out, therefore they stay home. Furthermore, high offense rate, unattende d Canis familiariss and insecure pathway besides maintain teens from out-of-door activities. ( US Department of wellness ) Traffic is another important factor that prevents teens from being physically active such as bicycling or walking. ( US Department of wellness ) Unfortunately, the increasing figure of people who are dead and injured in route accident causes the parents to be more likely to forbid their kids to travel out because they worry about their kids safety. ( University of Florida ) This high rate of accidents can assist to explicate why the figure of pupils walking to school decreased from 20 per centum in 1977 to 12 per centum in 2001. ( US Department of wellness ) The innovation of Television, computing machine games and picture games is besides another of import ground that keeps kids and teens from physical activities. Average striplings today watch Television or utilize computing machine about 3 hours per twenty-four hours. ( E-medicine wellness ) With sitting and watching Television or surfing the cyberspace, this limits their motion utilizing really small energy. ( E-medicine wellness ) Not merely do they utilize less energy, but watching Television and playing computing machine games besides encourages noshing. ( E-medicine wellness ) Furthermore, with working parents, striplings are less likely to take part in after school athleticss because parents worry about their kids ‘s transit to place. ( E-medicine wellness ) This instability between the energy ingestion and the energy disbursal leads teens eventually to go corpulent. ( Suthouchaworawud ) Siam From the study that was conducted at Siam Paragon and Central Pinklao, it shockingly shows that merely 9 per centum exerting more than 1-2 times per work while 24 per centum barely exercising at all. ( Appendix1, 2 ) Many factors contribute why many teens today exercising less. The most popular reply for why striplings today exercising less is because of their indolence which accounted for 50 per centum. ( Appendix1, 2 ) They merely do n't desire to exert. But this is non an lone ground that keeps teens from being physically active. Harmonizing to my experience, sometimes it has to make with holding no clip every bit good because of busy agenda of tutoring. Many Thai teens today have to travel to tutoring schools after categories and besides during the weekend. Tai pupils start school at 8.30 A.M. and complete at 3.30 P.M. Many of them have to travel for tutoring after school until 8 or 9 P.M. After they finish tutoring, they have to make prep. Even during the weekend, they have to t ravel for the coachs. This means that they about have no clip to make any other thing else. Technology is besides one of import factor lending to adolescent fleshiness. Harmonizing to the study, 39 % spend their free clip playing computing machine games while merely 12 % playing athleticss. ( Appendix1, 1 ) This shows that today Thai teens spend much more clip in forepart of Television or computing machines than traveling out. This can impact a great trade to their wellness as everyone knows that exerting can maintain his organic structure tantrum. Besides about teens today use private or public transit alternatively of walking or bicycling to school like the yesteryear. ( Tonsurat 12 ) This can non be blamed on teens themselves. Missing of pathway and bike lanes, high offense rate, and busy traffic makes it insecure for teens to walk or bicycle to school. ( Tonsurat 12 ) Furthermore, most teens go to school which it is really far off from place, doing it impossible for them to walk school. ( Tonsurat 12 ) To sum up, teens in both Thailand and the U.S. are now going physically inactive due to many grounds. First ground is to make with engineering. Technology- auto, coach, machine and computer- aid people, particularly, teens to populate lives more convenient and comfy, but, at the clip it is besides destroy their wellness indirectly. They now use labor-saving device, therefore, they spend less energy. Equally good as the innovation of Television and computing machine besides another of import ground to maintain teens of both teens from being physically active. Thai and American teens spend tonss of their clip in forepart of Television or computing machine each twenty-four hours. This non merely does it restrict the motion of teens as they merely sit in one topographic point, but it besides promote noshing. With more energy consumption, but less energy disbursement, teens, necessarily, will go corpulent. Not merely does the engineering affect a great trade on how people live, but enviro nment where teens live besides affect on teens ‘ behaviour. With the aid of engineering to construct up the modern metropolis, unfastened infinites for kids and teens to hang out available become less. Therefore, teens stay home, as reference above, passing their clip in forepart of Television and computing machine. Briefly, by being physically inactive allows a big figure of Thai and American teens now at terrible hazard to be fleshiness in about hereafter.C. Socioeconomic positionThe US The United State of American, many research workers have found a relation between poorness and fleshiness. ( Kuil 86 ) â€Å" Poverty can greatly impact the manner people eat. † ( Kuil 1 ) A immense sum of hapless people are corpulent instead than scraggy. ( Kuil 1 ) From the statistic, it shows that about 23 per centum of teens who develop fleshiness come from low income households while merely 14 per centum are kids in the better off households. ( Hitti ) Poor people choose to purchase nutrient based on their income instead than quality of nutrient. ( Kuil 1 ) Poor people do non believe about what is healthy or unhealthy nutrient to devour because most of them instead concern if today they will hold something to eat. ( Kuil 1 ) So with their limited income, they are forced to buy cheaper nutrients. ( Kuil 1 ) What hapless people get with cheaper nutrients is normally canned or frozen nutrient, cookies, and soda – â€Å" nutrient loaded with fat and Calories. † ( Hawn 92 ) . Poor people are less likely to buy fresh veggies, and fruits. This is because they are expensive and besides inconvenient for hapless people prepare home-meals. ( Kuil 1 ) A research worker, Nanci Hellmich, at USA Today has demonstrated that, â€Å" The Atkins diet would be about one hundred dollars a hebdomad if you make all the repasts at place, and the South Beach diet would be about 90 dollars a hebdomad. † ( Kuil 2-3 ) This is a batch of money for hapless people to pass on nutrient in which most probably can non afford it. Furthermore, debris nutrient is widespread among the hapless. ( Kuil 1 ) This is because it is easy to happen and besides really inexpensive. ( Kuil 1 ) Junk nutrient can be considered a bad diet nutrient excessively because of its â€Å" empty Calories. † ( Kuil 1 ) The â€Å" empty Calories † is the nutrients that contain high-calories with small other nutritionary values to your wellness. ( Kuil 1 ) This has a immense impact on their wellness refering their weight because they are more likely to over consume high-energy nutrient with its inexpensive monetary value and convenient. The Food Researcher and Action Center one time stated, In order to get by with limited money for nutrient and to stave off hungriness, households try to maximise thermal consumption for each dollar spent, which can take to over ingestion of Calories and a less healthful diet. ( Kuil 1 ) Since hapless teens have no pick to take a assortment of nutrient because of their limited household income, they are more likely than other category to devour unhealthy nutrients because of its inexpensive monetary value. Furthermore, teens ‘ physical activities with low income household are frequently limited. This is because their parents do non hold adequate money to offer their kid a gym or to fall in a athletics squad at school. ( Kuil 1 ) To fall in a athletics squad at school, it costs a great trade of money for the low income household. They have to purchase uniforms, athletics places and sometimes sport equipment. ( Kuil 1 ) With their limited money which even sometimes they have nil to eat, hapless teens are less likely to fall in and play athleticss. â€Å" The deficiency of physical activity combined with the hapless quality of nutrient leads to fleshiness. † ( Kuil 1 ) The ground why the unhealthy nutrients – sodium carbonate, cookies, debris nutrients – cost much less than veggies, fruits and meats is because of the subsidy plans designed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. ( Hawn ) The authorities spends a batch of money support on farming soya bean and maize doing it more plenty and cheaper than earlier. ( Hawn ) These subsidized soya bean and maize are distilled into â€Å" soybean oil and high fructose maize sirup, † two constituents usually found in high-calories nutrients such as soft drinks, cheeseburgers, murphy french friess and etc. ( Hawn ) With these authorities ‘s subsidy plans, the nutrients utilizing these soybean oil and maize sirup as a chief ingredient, go inexpensive. ( Hawn ) Dr. Adam Drewnoski at University of Washing concluded that the nutrient that uses subsidised harvests, such as Gallic fried, beefburgers and sodium carbonate, cost about five times less than the nutrient which is non subsidize d by authorities, such as Brassica oleracea italicas and fruit juices. ( Hawn 93 ) Siam Higher monetary value of nutrient around the universe and besides in Thailand affects a great trade on hapless people particularly among the husbandmans and labourers. ( Action for alteration 98 ) The higher monetary value of nutrient in Thailand has increased a batch during these few months both internally and externally. Among the goods, rice monetary value which is the chief beginning of nutrient in Thailand reaches the extremum. ( Action for alteration ) Besides, other monetary value, of nutrients such as porc, poulet, eggs have increased a great trade. ( Action for alteration ) This is due to the high monetary value of gas needed in transit the natural stuffs and the merchandises. ( Action for alteration ) Furthermore, the increasing monetary value of nutrients certainly affects on how hapless people purchase them. ( Action for alteration ) The hapless teens are scraggy and develop malfunction disease than fleshiness because without money or small money, many hapless kids in Tha iland have no money to purchase nutrient. ( Thai good wellness ) Unicef stated that kids and teens in Thailand who live in poorness are much likely to burden 4 times less than teens who live in better off households. ( The Thai News ) The kids and teens eat merely what their parents can buy or happen around them each twenty-four hours. ( Thai good wellness ) Some yearss, they merely have a spot of rice to eat without any meat or veggie. ( Thai good wellness ) With nutrient they can happen, they grill and boil meat, soft-boil veggies eaten with chili paste, alternatively of frying it assisting cut down fat in it. ( CDIR ) These sorts of nutrients contain low fat and Calories so it is healthy to eat. ( CDIR ) Still many people wonder that Thai curries are filled with coconut milk which contains much fat. Although curries contain batch of fat signifier coconut milk, herb in the curries can assist absorb much fat from coconut milk. ( Tonsurat 13 ) In decision, income degree does non needfully take to kids fleshiness in every state. It besides depends on many other factors such as the nature of each state ‘s regular nutrients, their citizens ‘ eating wonts, and besides the authoritiess ‘ actions. The Americans ‘ eating wont tends to prefer high-fat nutrient which provides a batch of energy for they live in cold clime. In contrary, Thais ‘ feeding wont is more concerned about wellness and herb plus that it is easier to turn and happen fresh veggies than to afford meat or even the cookery oil, the state of affairs is the other manner around in the United States. As mentioned earlier, the authoritiess sometimes have important influence on nutrient every bit good ; the U.S. authorities subsidizes high-calorie harvests which subsequently leads to high-calorie but inexpensive nutrients contrast with Thailand of which the authorities support the production of healthy nutrients like veggies and fruits plus the tropical clime is suited for turning them doing them low-cost, for instant illustration, the theory of sufficiency economic system introduced by our great King Rama 9th which promote every family to turn veggies by themselves for internal ingestion. The bottom line behind all of this can be summarized into one sentence which is â€Å" corpulent nutrients are inexpensive in the U.S. while expensive in Thailand and frailty versa for the utile nutrients. †

The Lost Symbol Prologue

House of the Temple 8:33 P.M. The secret is how to die. Since the beginning of time, the secret had always been how to die. The thirty-four-year-old initiate gazed down at the human skull cradled in his palms. The skull was hollow, like a bowl, filled with bloodred wine. Drink it, he told himself. You have nothing to fear. As was tradition, he had begun this journey adorned in the ritualistic garb of a medieval heretic being led to the gallows, his loose-fitting shirt gaping open to reveal his pale chest, his left pant leg rolled up to the knee, and his right sleeve rolled up to the elbow. Around his neck hung a heavy rope noose–a â€Å"cable-tow† as the brethren called it. Tonight, however, like the brethren bearing witness, he was dressed as a master. The assembly of brothers encircling him all were adorned in their full regalia of lambskin aprons, sashes, and white gloves. Around their necks hung ceremonial jewels that glistened like ghostly eyes in the muted light. Many of these men held powerful stations in life, and yet the initiate knew their worldly ranks meant nothing within these walls. Here all men were equals, sworn brothers sharing a mystical bond. As he surveyed the daunting assembly, the initiate wondered who on the outside would ever believe that this collection of men would assemble in one place . . . much less this place. The room looked like a holy sanctuary from the ancient world. The truth, however, was stranger still. I am just blocks away from the White House. This colossal edifice, located at 1733 Sixteenth Street NW in Washington, D.C., was a replica of a pre-Christian temple–the temple of King Mausolus, the original mausoleum . . . a place to be taken after death. Outside the main entrance, two seventeen-ton sphinxes guarded the bronze doors. The interior was an ornate labyrinth of ritualistic chambers, halls, sealed vaults, libraries, and even a hollow wall that held the remains of two human bodies. The initiate had been told every room in this building held a secret, and yet he knew no room held deeper secrets than the gigantic chamber in which he was currently kneeling with a skull cradled in his palms. The Temple Room. This room was a perfect square. And cavernous. The ceiling soared an astonishing one hundred feet overhead, supported by monolithic columns of green granite. A tiered gallery of dark Russian walnut seats with hand-tooled pigskin encircled the room. A thirty-three-foot-tall throne dominated the western wall, with a concealed pipe organ opposite it. The walls were a kaleidoscope of ancient symbols . . . Egyptian, Hebraic, astronomical, alchemical, and others yet unknown. Tonight, the Temple Room was lit by a series of precisely arranged candles. Their dim glow was aided only by a pale shaft of moonlight that filtered down through the expansive oculus in the ceiling and illuminated the room's most startling feature–an enormous altar hewn from a solid block of polished Belgian black marble, situated dead center of the square chamber. The secret is how to die, the initiate reminded himself. â€Å"It is time,† a voice whispered. The initiate let his gaze climb the distinguished white-robed figure standing before him. The Supreme Worshipful Master. The man, in his late fifties, was an American icon, well loved, robust, and incalculably wealthy. His once-dark hair was turning silver, and his famous visage reflected a lifetime of power and a vigorous intellect. â€Å"Take the oath,† the Worshipful Master said, his voice soft like falling snow. â€Å"Complete your journey.† The initiate's journey, like all such journeys, had begun at the first degree. On that night, in a ritual similar to this one, the Worshipful Master had blindfolded him with a velvet hoodwink and pressed a ceremonial dagger to his bare chest, demanding: â€Å"Do you seriously declare on your honor, uninfluenced by mercenary or any other unworthy motive, that you freely and voluntarily offer yourself as a candidate for the mysteries and privileges of this brotherhood?† â€Å"I do,† the initiate had lied. â€Å"Then let this be a sting to your consciousness,† the master had warned him, â€Å"as well as instant death should you ever betray the secrets to be imparted to you.† At the time, the initiate had felt no fear. They will never know my true purpose here. Tonight, however, he sensed a foreboding solemnity in the Temple Room, and his mind began replaying all the dire warnings he had been given on his journey, threats of terrible consequences if he ever shared the ancient secrets he was about to learn: Throat cut from ear to ear . . . tongue torn out by its roots . . . bowels taken out and burned . . . scattered to the four winds of heaven . . . heart plucked out and given to the beasts of the field– â€Å"Brother,† the gray-eyed master said, placing his left hand on the initiate's shoulder. â€Å"Take the final oath.† Steeling himself for the last step of his journey, the initiate shifted his muscular frame and turned his attention back to the skull cradled in his palms. The crimson wine looked almost black in the dim candlelight. The chamber had fallen deathly silent, and he could feel all of the witnesses watching him, waiting for him to take his final oath and join their elite ranks. Tonight, he thought, something is taking place within these walls that has never before occurred in the history of this brotherhood. Not once, in centuries. He knew it would be the spark . . . and it would give him unfathomable power. Energized, he drew a breath and spoke aloud the same words that countless men had spoken before him in countries all over the world. â€Å"May this wine I now drink become a deadly poison to me . . . should I ever knowingly or willfully violate my oath.† His words echoed in the hollow space. Then all was quiet. Steadying his hands, the initiate raised the skull to his mouth and felt his lips touch the dry bone. He closed his eyes and tipped the skull toward his mouth, drinking the wine in long, deep swallows. When the last drop was gone, he lowered the skull. For an instant, he thought he felt his lungs growing tight, and his heart began to pound wildly. My God, they know! Then, as quickly as it came, the feeling passed. A pleasant warmth began to stream through his body. The initiate exhaled, smiling inwardly as he gazed up at the unsuspecting gray-eyed man who had foolishly admitted him into this brotherhood's most secretive ranks. Soon you will lose everything you hold most dear.

The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hiter essays

The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hiter essays In the Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler there are many hidden facts that many people including myself would not know if they didnt read the book themselves. Hitler had grown up in Austria and later moved to Germany, but then he found himself broke and homeless in the streets of Austria again. Hitler was incredibly smart and knew when to ploy his actions but in the end he became greedy which led to his defeat. In the end of his life he began to deteriorate and have frequent nervous breakdowns due to dishonest generals and the conquering of his new land by Mother Russia and the United States. Hitler was a strong willed man and if he put his mind to something he would do it, this is the scariest part of him, sure he had killed millions of innocent people but in his mind they were just in the way of his goal to eventually take over Europe and if he thought he could possibly the world. He was brought up in a strict family where everything was precious, once he had left for school in Austria he had no money or place to stay and people spat and made fun of him on the streets, especially the Jewish people, this is what created his hated towards Jews. During his war campaign he only took over countries he knew he could scare into surrendering or defeat, but towards the end his greed for power and land made him turn on his ally Russia and from then on his power went sliding down hill. Hitler would not give up in his efforts to conquer, he placed his armies in positions that would lead to the death of them all but by this time he had become delusional and not caring about the l ives of his own people. This was not a fight for the Fatherland but for Hitler himself. There are many interesting things about Hitler that were exposed in the book that a standard person would not know. Such as when Hitler was in his youth trying to get into college, he was poor, homeless, and had no support at all. With nowhere to sleep h...

How to Become a Physical Therapist

How to Become a Physical Therapist after an illness, accident, or surgery, physical therapists are the healthcare professionals who help patients (literally!) get back on their feet. they serve an essential role in recovery and ongoing care. here is some information on how to become a physical therapist as well as additional information you need to know. the day-to-dayphysical therapists (or pts) work with patients or clients to help restore/improve mobility, develop fitness, relieve pain, and come up with short- and long-term exercise plans.their duties may include:working with doctors and other healthcare professionalsreviewing patient historiestesting strength, range of motion, balance, coordination, posture, muscle performance, respiration, and motor functiondiagnose physical problemsdevelop a care plan that incorporates physical exercisesevaluate patients over a period of timedetermine when patients can return to normal routinespts typically work a standard 40-hour week, but that can include evenings and weekends , depending on the setting. physical therapists can be found in many different healthcare settings, including hospitals, private clinics, schools, sports and fitness facilities, nursing homes, and health agencies.also, physical therapists should be in decent shape themselves- this is a role that requires physically demanding activities like stooping, sitting, standing for long periods of time, and lifting equipment (or even patients, if the need arises).for more on what it’s like to be a physical therapist, check out the following video.physical therapist: a day in the lifehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ykelsxlreuyou can also read testimonials from physical therapists about why they went into the field, via the american physical therapy association’s â€Å"defining moment† column.the requirementsin addition to completing an accredited physical therapy program (typically four years), candidates need to pass a national exam and meet their state’s licensin g requirements. for more information on the exam and the pt licensing process in general, visit the federation of state boards of physical therapy.the paythe median salary for physical therapists is $82,390 per year, or $39.61 per hour, per the u.s. bureau of labor statistics.  the outlookpossibly fueled by the aging baby boomer population, the need for physical therapists is expected to surge by an amazing 34% by 2024. physical therapy was also ranked as one of the â€Å"top 10 happiest jobs† by forbes.interested? apply here

Article Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Article Analysis - Essay Example Likewise, the author proceeded with the discourse by expounding on accountability in organizations and emphasizing that it starts on the very top of the hierarchy. Building a framework of accountability was disclosed to require knowing one’s people well and encouraging open communication. Finally, Morris cited author and business thought-leader John Spence’s guidelines and principles for accountability in organization where a culture of accountability must be established to maximize the organization’s full potentials. Conclusions: Morris concluded that there is a need to upgrade the potentials of the organization’s human resources to maximize their strengths and facilitate the achievement of organizational goals. Through the enforcement of cultural norms and harnessing the competencies of people, accountability would be improved. As noted, â€Å"just like people, admired organizations are those that keep their promises- promises to customers, suppliers, employees and shareholders† (Morris, 2012, p. 73). Analysis: The article’s strength lies in the manner by which the author effectively structured his line of thinking and relayed the message intended for the audience. By using simple and straightforward language, Morris was able to assist in enhancing the understanding of readers from various backgrounds regarding the topic of accountability. Likewise, he supported his arguments through citing other review of related literatures and from works of people known to have established credibility on the topic being discussed. In addition, his credibility as a coach, mentor and as president and chief executive officer of an organization, assisted in providing viable arguments based on personal and professional experiences. However, one of the weaknesses noted was the failure to clearly list the authoritative references at the end of the discourse to determine their applicability from the date their respective literary works were published. Also,

Michael Bay, auteurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Michael Bay, auteurship - Essay Example y, there has been debate about filmmaking authorship, with industry experts believing that it is the screenwriter who should be applauded for a finished film product that meets with revenue success and manages to satisfy the intended target audiences (Kipen, 2006). More contemporary perspectives suggest that it is the director that should be applauded for a successful film that manages to outperform competitor films, bring high profitability and build audience satisfaction. Many directors, on many film projects, are given opportunities to express their own unique creative vision when producing a film, hence having the ability to transcend the original script and create a work of genius that is both personalised and aligned with individual director vision (Murray, 2014, p.1). In such a scenario, the director is considered a film auteur (the French word for author), in which the director’s creative voice becomes the framework by which a film is considered innovative, original an d inventive. There are some who prescribe to the Schreiber Theory proposed by David M. Kipen of the U.S. National Endowment for the Arts which suggests that true authorship accolades should be granted to the actual screenwriter rather than the director. Kipen (2006) argues that the notion of director as film auteur is distorted, with this professional stating that the script serves as the predictor of whether a film will be high quality. Hence, according to Kipen, a finished film product, when it achieves commendation and acclaim, should be attributed to the talents and expertise of the script writer. However, there appears to be substantial evidence that contemporary directors have the most influence on whether or not a finished film product will be successful and profitable. From a marketing perspective, such directors as Steven Spielberg and Tim Burton (as only two examples), have put their own unique thumbprint on many of their films that are distinguished from other competing

Daughters of Liberty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Daughters of Liberty - Research Paper Example Besides, the spreading of religion was another motivation behind colonization. On the other hand, the Native Americans have remained loyal to the British imperialists for â€Å"156 years after the settlement of Jamestown in 1607† supporting the English people fight many wars.1 However, many of the policies of the British Empire were so stringent and intolerable, which made the Americans to revolt against them. The most significant of the causes that triggered the revolution is the imposition of â€Å"new taxes and restrictions† by the English authorities on â€Å"colonial manufacturers and commerce.†2 Legalization of the Catholic Church, transplanting of the French with the Catholic Spaniards and their banning of American flatboats as well as the threat to close New Orleans Port, etc., also forced the Americans to embark on the path agitation. The American women, with their grit and selfless dedication, have played a major role in the revolt against British Imper ialism and helped the country in winning its freedom through their sacrifices. The spirit of freedom of the Americans makes them still remember with veneration the sacrifices of the men and women whose unrelenting determination and constant struggle have fetched them independence. These men and women have helped Americans to know the value of freedom and to transform the â€Å"bloodshed, division and violence† of the war and its ravages to â€Å"symbols of unity and cohesion.†3 Thus, the spirit of freedom that Americans celebrate today is the legacy of the men and women who have struggled and died for the American Independence. Women, though considered as lower in patriarchal societies, have always played a key role in the development of nations and evolving the history and cultures of countries. Similarly, in the Colonial America also women had a key role to play, not only in terms of tending to the families but also in the context of their involvement in national mov ements, culture, arts and literature. Mary Washington was one of the prominent women who made significant legacies to the cause of American Revolution. George Washington, her son and one of the most prominent leaders of America always emphasized that he â€Å"owed everything to his mother – in the education and habits of his early life.†4 Here, it becomes relevant that significant contribution from women towards any particular cause derives not merely from their participation in that event but through facilitating the grooming of the next generation to take up the mission and sustain its spirit in the future. Mary, who lost her husband early in life, had to fend for her children, with very limited economical sources. Despite this, she brought up her son, imbibing in him the right values and morals that enabled him to be the leader of such a nation and his ultimate elevation as its chief executive. Esther Reed is another woman who contributed immensely to the cause of A merican Revolution, despite her being a London born British national of French origin. During the Lexington and Bunker’s Hill episodes, she helped by channeling funds through her own agency for â€Å"relief of the sufferers in New England.†5 However, after she became a mother and her husband joined the revolutionary soldiers, her life endured many a turmoil. While her husband toiled in the â€Å"

Stages Of A Typical Performance Management System Management Essay

Stages Of A Typical Performance Management System Management Essay Performance can be defined as the end result of an activity. A performance management system therefore is defined as a process of establishing performance standards and evaluating performance in order to arrive at objective human resource decisions as well as to provide documentation to support those decisions. (Stephen P. Robbins, 2005, p. 296) A good performance management system is essential for Interact to be able to manage the dwindling individual performance. To develop a good system Interact will need to consider the three main aspects of managing individual performance, these include: planning performance, delivering and monitoring and formal assessment and reward. These are well illustrated in the performance cycle as illustrated by figure 1 below Figure 1 Stages of a typical performance management system Source: (Derek Torrington, p. 263) The first key aspect of managing individual performance is the planning performance stage. This is where a manager at interact sits down with his subject and they collaboratively set individual objectives originally obtained from team objectives and the agreed job description. These objectives are designed in a way that they also offer potential development as well as fulfilling the general organisations general objectives. They should also include measures of how they can be assessed. One common approach managers use in setting these objectives is with the SMART acronym. This suggests that the objectives set should be Specific, Measurable, Appropriate, Relevant and Timed. A good example of a good objective for an employee working in the component development department could be: To develop a new mobile phone component by March 2010 (started in January 2010) It is important that managers do not forget to plan for the support, development and resources necessary for the employee to be able to accomplish the objectives. The second key aspect is the delivering and monitoring performance stage. As the interact employee sets about to achieve the performance agreed, the manger should ensure that he is available at all times so that the employee can consult him/her at any moment when needed. There may be some unpredicted hindrances towards the achievement of performance and in some instances targets may have to be revised. Ongoing coaching is important whereby the manager can guide the employees through discussion and providing constructive feedback. Continuous informal reviews held between the employee and his manager should be carried out so as to ensure that work is going as agreed and whether the agreed performance will be attainable by the agreed dates. Objectives signed off as complete and recognition of work done so far help to act as motivation for the employee in the future for other objectives yet to be completed. The last key aspect of the performance cycle is the formal assessment and reward stage. This stage involves regular reviews of the development of the objectives and to motivate the employee. Annual reviews are also necessary in this stage whereby what has been achieved is compared with what had been set to be achieved which may affect pay and salary increments. Interact managers should take note that employees see reviews as fair only if the targets set are achievable and judgements were seen to be consistent throughout the organisation. Different styles of appraising employees could be adopted in order to make the best assessment but a popular and widely used approach is the problem solving style which is one of the styles developed by the American psychologist, Norman Maier. This approach suggests that The appraiser starts the interview by encouraging the employee to identify and discuss problem areas and then consider solutions. The employee therefore plays an active part in analysing problems and suggesting solutions, and then evaluation of performance emergence from the discussion at the appraisal interview, instead of being imposed by the appraiser upon the employee. (Anderson, 1993, p. 102). However, it should be taken note that this style works best if the employees are ready for it and the mangers are willing to behave in this way which is not always the case. After the reviews have been conducted and achievement of tasks has been high, reward is necessary. Most management systems include pay in the reward package but ongoing research has shown that element of pay had very little effect in the motivation of employees. Other forms of reward other than monetary such as promotion and offering of individual development opportunities are found to be more motivating to employees. In order for the successful implementation of a performance management system, line managers who are closer to the employees need to be included in the Human Resource team when designing the system. Training of the line managers is essential before and during the introduction of the system. Task 2 Learning can be defined as the process of acquiring knowledge. Learning and development is an essential part in keeping the performance of Interacts employees up to standard. Currently, there have been issues and complains from the employees about the quality of training being offered, and the lack of enough training to keep the component developers up to date with emerging technologies. This is a serious problem for interact being the fact that it is operating in an industry that requires a high degree of innovation and creativity. It indicates the need for an effective people development strategy. A good approach that could be used to establish an effective people development strategy would be the systematic training cycle. This cycle includes for steps that are; identifying training needs, designing development activity, carrying out development and evaluating development. This can be illustrated by the diagram below. Environment Business strategy People development strategy Figure 2 A systematic model of learning and training Source: (Derek Torrington, p. 391) Considering figure 2, the first step in the model is identifying training and learning needs. Before any activity can commence, interact managers should take note that identifying these needs should not be the sole role of the human resource team but should be a process that involves the employees too. Employees about to receive training should not be considered as subjects but as participants of the scheme. Interact managers should also take note that modern day effective training requires not only a focus on development of technical skills alone but also personal skills, attitudes and self-management therefore broadening the needs scope. One approach that interact managers could use to identify the training and learning needs is the problem centred approach. This approach analyses whether there are any performance problems and analyses whether they are caused by lack of skill and if so, which. The gap between expected performance and actual performance is the one that helps to bring about the training need. For example, an identified problem with interact is that the component developers are not up to date with new technological development therefore the training need would be to continuously keep the developers up to date. After training needs have been identified, the next step will be designing the development activity. There various methods of learning and development that Interact managers could use such as; education and training courses (off job), manager coaching and teaching, self development groups and open and distance learning. (On job). The next step is carrying out the development activity. For education and training courses, Interact managers could use the consultancy courses. They could range from one day to several weeks in some cases. These have the advantage that they enable employees from various organisations to meet and share their experiences. In order to be very effective, they should concentrate on specific skills of knowledge, such as being introduced to new technological developments. Management should take note that these courses are usually expensive despite the fact that they are of short duration. There is a big challenge that Interact managers should be prepared to face and that is the ensuring of the transfer of what the employees have learnt back to the organisation. To counteract this problem, managers could set goals for implementing new skills once the employees return from training. In case the Interact management decide to use on job training methods take manager coaching and teaching as an example, the line manager will act as a mentor or coach for the trainees involved. He will provide feedback, counselling, encouragement discussion and sincere feedback. Management should however take note that not all line managers can provide effective coaching, as it requires good interpersonal skills and commitment from the manager to accept the coaching role. Interact management could also support the use of self development groups whereby informal groups formed by employees come together and discuss organisational issues, personal development and individual work problems. The group should however be headed by an experienced leader who plays the role of a facilitator and to some extent, a source of information. This group leader could drop off as the group matures. Such a method of learning and development requires a high level of commitment from the group members and a close follow up on the side of management. The final step in the learning cycle is the evaluating development stage. While evaluating development, changes in skills, knowledge, behaviour and attitudes need to be considered. However, research has proved that it is actually very difficult to asses some aspects of learning or training that have been carried out such as changes in attitudes and behaviour. A post course questionnaire could be issued out to the trainees but this usually tends to evaluate the course and not the training. Evaluation could also be carried out by setting up goals basing on what the individuals have learnt during training and the extent to which the employees meet these goals would indicate how effective the training had been. It is recommended that managers should keep on evaluating the trainees continuously from the beginning as they attend the training courses and not to pin the evaluation process at the end of the course. Task 3 Leadership can be defined as the Process in which an individual influences other group members towards the attainment of group or organisational goals. (Shackleton, 1995, p. 2) There is a close link between leadership and motivation and performance implying that the leadership style being used may have either positive or negative impacts on these. Due to the recession, Interact adopted a rather autocratic approach and have become more task focused. An autocratic leader is a leader who tends to centralise authority, dictate work methods, make unilateral decisions and limit employee participation. (Stephen p. Robbins, 2005, p. 593) The advantage of such a style is that it leads to quick decision making and work getting done on time. However, there are various negative impacts Interact could face as result of applying such a leadership style. To start with, according to Vrooms expectancy theory which says that An individual tends to act in a certain way based on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual. (Stephen p. Robbins, 2005, p. 405), we can see that expectancy has an impact on motivation. Therefore not expecting employees to perform unless they are directed to will only cause them to behave in that way leading to demotivation and poor performance. Also using Maslows hierarchy of needs, the need for affiliation could be a motivational factor. Therefore not involving employees in the decision making process and centralising authority only makes the employees feel alienated and thus end up feeling demotivated. The autocratic style of leadership also fails to recognise that social needs are a motivational factor for employees. Maslow recognised the need for affiliation as an important attribute in human motivation therefore making decisions or planning activities while excluding those who are going to be affected may demotivate them. Autocratic leadership also makes the employees feel that the organisation does not trust them enough to make wise decisions for the good of the organisation. This demotivates them and makes them feel like they are not a part of the organisation or not responsible enough. As a result of being very task oriented, such as style does not have much concern for the needs of their subordinates. This is clearly indicated by the lack of a sound human resource function and the fact that the Interact management has so far refused to meet with the group of employee representatives who are trying to voice employee concerns. This has led to feelings of resentment, alienation and a drop in performance levels. In conclusion, the autocratic style of leadership has a rather more negative impact than positive effects, but this is not to say that Interact should not apply it, rather they could blend it in with other styles of leadership. Using the managerial grid designed by Blake and Mouton, THE MANAGERIAL GRID High concern for people Low concern for production Country Club management High concern for people High concern for production Team management Low concern for people Low concern for production Impoverished management Low concern for people High concern for production Authority-compliance management High People Low Production High The managerial grid Source: (Derek Torrington, p. 304) Most managers agree that the best leadership style would be the team management which has both high concerns for people and production but there is a new approach that suggests that the best style is to use all these four styles together basing on different times and different situations. Task 4 The complaints voiced by employees over the need to work harder and longer to keep their jobs and increased levels of stress are a sign that the quality of the working life at Interact is deteriorating. Work-life balance is very important as it keeps the employees happy and contented with their jobs therefore reducing absenteeism and turnover. There are a number of practices that management at Interact could implement so as to improve the situation. To begin with, offering the employees flexible working hours would greatly help employees who need more time outside the job. Allowing female workers to have their maternity leaves also enables to keep the employees happy with their current jobs. The Interact management can also train their line managers to deal with employee stress. The line managers should encourage the employees to talk and voice out what is truly getting them stressed up. An increased level of stress at work is a total wake up call that Interact needs to change its style of leadership and control. Not allowing employees to freely raise their voices over the different issues in the organisation and refusing to recognise their representative group only makes them feel unappreciated and demoralised. Interact could also reorganise their working practices such that the workers could get work done without having to spend extra long hours to work while maintaining the same quality of performance. The amount of days employees can get in their leaves should be adequate giving employees enough time to rest and relax so that they can return to work revitalised. For those workers who may not be able to get to work but and yet their jobs do not demand their physical presence at the premises, interact could offer them alternatives of working at home. This will help to boost performance while at the same time saving valuable time lost when the work is not done at all. In case workers are having to work overtime, Interact should devise a payment scheme that covers these extra hours in a manner that is of mutual benefit with the employees. Interact could even go to the extent of ensuring that maternity pay is reasonable and comfortable for the employees. This will make them return to work much more happily and boost their attachment to the company. For those in areas where the work demands them to do the same routine job everyday, Interact management could introduce rotation where other employees doing other routine work could be set up to be exchanging activities so as to prevent them from getting bored. However there are some limitations that Interact should take note about work-life balance policies. For example, some policies such as maternity pay only target the female employees therefore bringing about a feeling of neglect with the other employees. Another problem is the fact that some policies may actually be put in place and yet employees may not take them up and use them. Task 5 Absenteeism can be defined as the To tackle this problem, Managers at Interact need to set up a procedure to solve the absenteeism problem. The process could involve the following steps; Identify the absence problem Locate the absence problem Identify and prioritize the cause of absence Evaluate the current control method Design the absence control program Implement the absence control program Monitor the effectiveness of the program The first step of solving the absenteeism problem is assessing it. Interact could do this by collecting statistical data about thee current absence levels. This can be done by gathering information on how many people did not come in to work for a certain period of time. After the pattern has been identified, the next step is to locate the absence problem. This is done by using collected data to find out which specific departments had the highest levels of absentees for the period. The next step is to identify the cause of absence in the departments selected. An autocratic leadership style of the line managers in Interact, longer working hours, low levels of responsibility and decision making could result into dissatisfaction with the job situation therefore leading to a rise in absence levels. Evaluating the current absence control method is what follows after the causes of absence have been identified. During evaluation, Interact should be able to see the weaknesses of the current control program and why it is failing to work effectively. After evaluation, Interact should design a new control program that tackles the problem. There are a few recommendations of measures that could be put in place to help reduce the problem, First of all, I would recommend to Interact that they should try and maintain continuous contact with the employees who are absent from work. This is known to greatly reduce the length of absence and shows the employee that the organisation in concerned about the well being of its people. One visit a month by the line manager of the employee could be effective. Another useful activity that interact could do to manage absence is to include attendance levels in the performance review at the end of the year. Having high levels of absence during the year would be considered as underperformance in the review. I would also recommend that the line managers undergo training so as to ensure that the absence procedures are effectively carried out. Proper training on how to handle employees who are frequently absent could greatly reduce the absence levels. A deep understanding of the causes of absence would enable Interact to be able to tackle the absenteeism problem. Known causes of absenteeism at Interact include, employees working longer hours and increased levels of stress. When trying to identify the problems, management should not only consider what the absentees have filed as the reason for their absence as research has shown that they tend to write excuses that appear valid to the organisation. Interact should build a culture of trust with its employees such that they can get them to explain the real causes of absence and thus they can respond to them effectively. The last step after the absence control program has been designed is to implement it while continuously monitoring it by collecting statistical data to observe whether the absence levels are falling or not. If it is not effective then Interact have to find out why, make the necessary corrections and continue with it Task 6 Employee turnover is the rate at which employees voluntarily leave their jobs. At interact, the level of employee turnover has been relatively high. Collecting information on staff turnover is quite difficult to collect though one best approach could be by using exit interviews. However, there are some major reasons why staff could be leaving interact. Push factors One reason why Interact employees could be leaving their jobs is because of Push factors. This concept suggests poor working conditions, people development strategy, dissatisfaction with company policies, negative effects of autocratic leadership style, job insecurity among others to be the cause of forcing people to leave the organisation. In other words, Interact is pushing away its employees by failing to provide a good organisational and working environment to keep the employees satisfied. Interact could control this cause by making the organisation more employee friendly. Another reason why employees could be leaving Interact is because of pull factors. This concept implies that rival employers in the telephone component manufacturing industry are pulling Interact employees towards them. This could be because they are paying higher salaries, offering better benefit packages, training opportunities or they have more attractive working environments. The best way Interact could reduce turnover caused by this way is by first of all analysing what other organisations in the industry are offering that is making them more attractive and therefore making sure they can level up. Another approach is by identifying unique selling points offered by Interact that other organisations dont have and communicating them to staff. Employees could also be leaving Interact as a result of functional turnover. This is a situation where employee resignations are accepted by both Interact and the employee involved. This could be because of failure of the employee to conform with the organisational culture or as a result of continuous poor performance. The best way to handle turnover caused in this way is by improving the recruitment process so as to avoid such people in the first place. Outside factors could also be making employees leave Interact. These are reasons that have nothing to do with the job. They could be leaving because their partners are leaving the city, personal desire for self employment. In this situation, there is nothing much that Interact could do to stop these kinds of employees from leaving the organisation as it is beyond their control. The rate of employee turnover at Interact could be greatly reduced by putting in place certain strategies so as to manage the turnover rates. Firstly one tool that Interact could use is pay. Research has shown that organisations offering higher salaries appear more attractive than those with less. However, pay alone may not be enough to keep the employees from leaving. It should be combined with other benefits such as holidays, healthcare offers and staff discounts. The best approach in offering such benefits is by letting the employees pick benefits that they prefer as different employees may be interested in different packages. Another tool that Interact could use to help reduce turnover rates is putting in place family friendly Human Resource practices. Considering the fact that many people leave work due to family and personal reasons giving employees more time to spend with their families through holiday packages, flexible working hours and a well paid maternity leave may greatly help to reduce the rates. Improving the quality of line management may also help to reduce the turnover rates as these managers play a critical role in employee relations. To ensure that the selected line managers are effective, they should be selected basing on their supervisory capabilities, undergo training and appraised on their supervisory skills. Finally induction is also known to help in reducing early staff turnover rates as it helps to fit the employee into the organisation and defines his/her role in it. Organisational induction could be done by the Human resource department and may include a presentation on health and safety regulations and fire evacuation procedures. This type of induction could last a few days. The other type of induction is the job-based induction. This usually takes longer and is mostly carried out by the immediate line manager and in the background, fellow employees and includes activities like getting to know the organisation culture, how work is done and what is expected of him/her. Managing employee expectations from the beginning could also play a crucial role in reducing the turnover rates. This is done by letting the employee know exactly what to expect from his job right at the start of his/her career so that they are more prepared when they face the challenges. Challenges could include time pressures etc